Fishing is Foraging, Too

I often talk about wild edibles, plants that grow wild in field and forest that can be eaten. Foraging need not, however, be limited to vegetarian fare. Even for those who don't hunt, fishing can be a plentiful source of nutritious food.

I prefer to fish the clear, contaminant-free brooks and streams that run down from the mountains here in New England. Their sources are high above any old mills, factories or storm drainage systems so the water is clean and pure as it self-aerates by splashing down over little waterfalls and endless rocky cascades.

These streams ore often home to brook trout, a small but tasty fish that is easy to clean and easy to cook. Brook trout fishing is a more active sport than some other types of fishing because you have to move along the stream searching for the small pools where the fish tend to hide. Although I enjoy all types of fishing, brook trout fishing is one of my favorites.

I was just given a regular fishing column for Yahoo! Sports where my first fishing article, about Brook Trout Fishing, was published yesterday. You can read it at here. I'm mentioning it here, because I think fishing is an often overlooked part of the self-sufficiency equation. For the low cost of an annual state fishing license, you can easily catch enough fish to supply your family for a year.

Broody Hens

Broody hens can be helpful if you're trying to hatch more chicks, or harmful if you're trying to get all your hens to lay eggs for the table.Either way, if a hen goes broody at the wrong time of year for hatching new chicks, you've got to either wait it out or take steps to shorten the broody period.

One of our broodiest hens decided that February 15th is a good day to begin brooding. It's too early to begin hatching here and I prefer to use an electric incubator anyway, so I decided to remove the eggs and move the hen off the layer box. Sometimes, if the season isn't right the brooding instinct will be a bit lessened and it can be easier to break them. I should know if that's the case in a couple of days.

Meanwhile, here's a more complete guide that I wrote about broody hens.

Chicken-napper Thwarted by Stout Coop



Foot prints on the side of the chicken coop this morning tell of a
failed overnight attempt at entry.
Photo by Brad Sylvester. Copyright 2012.

 When you're trying to be as self-sufficient as practical, a single mis-step can set you back. This is particularly true when it comes to farm animals like the chickens that we keep. We have three chicken coops that are all built like bunkers. It was more expensive and it took more effort to build them so strongly, but there's a good reason for it.

Our yard is surrounded by forest, miles and miles of forest depending upon which direction you go. Lots of things live in the forest, including a bull moose that wandered through our yard last week. Other local residents include bears, coyotes, foxes, bobcats, and weasels, just to name a few. When it comes to these wild predators, chickens make a pretty tempting meal.

Two of my chicken coops survived a prolonged and concerted effort at entry by a large black bear. The third, unfortunately, had a weak point and the bear after a week of failed attempts, was able to rip and access door to shreds and pull out two chickens. last year. After that, I added a stronger door and checked all the coops for weaknesses. Since then, nothing has been able to get at the chickens locked up in the coops at night.

This morning, however, when I went out to feed and water the birds, I saw some interesting marks on the side of the largest of the three coops. Muddy claw marks that appear to be canine in nature (or possibly vulpine) showed a recent attempt at entry. The prints reach about four feet high on the side of the coop. It could be a dog, a coyote, or a fox. There are, according to all wildlife and forestry service folks that I know, no wolf populations left in New Hampshire, certainly not in southern New Hampshire.

Believe it or not, the worst of the three, should it gain access to the chickens, would be a domestic dog. Dogs enjoy chasing and catching chickens and will often kill an entire flock before they get bored and wander off home. Foxes and coyotes are a big more pragmatic. They'll take a couple of chickens and may also kill any overly aggressive roosters out of necessity, but having learned how to get a good chicken dinner, they'll come back on a regular basis until they decide that they can't get at the chickens or that the risk is too high.

Paying a little extra attention to chicken coop security can save your flock.

On a side note: As the days are getting longer, this morning we found four times the number of eggs that we've been getting for the last couple of months (due to the short winter days). That will come in handy as we are expecting to add two more members to our household this spring when my wife's parents move in with us. We should be all set for chicken and eggs, but we'll definitely need to think about expanding the gardens.

Identifying and preventing frostbite in backyard chickens

In New England, especially in the winter, the weather can pose a serious hazard to backyard chickens. Whether you let them free range or keep them fenced in, your chickens will need a secure and well-built coop in order to survive the winter and avoid frostbite. I wrote a piece for Yahoo! Voices recently talking about this issue. It describes what it means when your chicken's comb turns black in the winter, how to identify frostbite, and most importantly the simple steps you need to take to prevent it from occurring in your flock in the first place.

Read the entire article here: Why are my chickens' combs turning black?

Pruning Our Concord Grape Vine

Too much vegetative growth and lower grape yield
can be the result of not pruning your grape vine enough.
Photo by Brad Sylvester, copyright 2011. Do not copy.

This year our Concord Grape vine, now about 3 years old, did really well. It produced 7 pounds of grapes that we harvested, plus those eaten by the chipmunks. Those grapes, in turn, yielded just about 7 liters of wine which is aging peacefully on a shelf. It will sit for at least a year before we open the first bottle and see how we've done with the first batch from our own grapes.

The knock on Concord grape wine is that it tends to be highly acidic and can be a bit harsh on the palate. There are steps that can be taken to minimize this or correct it entirely, but we made a very basic batch without taking any of those steps this year. I'll taste it next year just before preparing next season's batch and decide then whether to make alterations to the basic approach we took this year.

Meanwhile, it is the end of the season and although it has been unseasonably warm (the forsythia is blooming again for the second time since September), the growing season is over and it is time to prune the grape vine. This should only be done once it drops its leaves and is definitely shut down for the winter.

Grape vines should be pruned very heavily. I am training mine to weave in and around the spindles of our back deck railing so that it will look as though we have a living green railing next year and beyond, so I'll leave a little more of the vine structure this year for shaping.

For a really good guide to pruning grapes, check out this page from Ohio State University's Extension Service.

Most people tend to either neglect pruning their grape vines altogether or prune far too lightly. The result of under pruning is that the grape vine has so many branches and leaves that it has to spend too much energy building and maintaining that vegetative growth that the yield of fruit suffers. Let's face it, the main point of having a grape vine is to produce grapes, so pruning for maximum fruit yield should be an important part of your pre-winter grape vine maintenance.

One way to determine if your pruning regimen is working is to weigh your grapes each year. If your total harvest starts dropping and there was no unusual cause that you can identify (very bad weather, disease, etc.), then you may want to revisit the way you're pruning the vine.

Next spring we are planning to add another variety of grape vine as well. We are looking for a good hardy vine and will probably look at those grape varieties that grow well in upstate New York as the winter's are similar there. We'd like to get a sweeter grape that is better for eating or producing a more palatable sweet wine. I'll keep you informed as we make the decision on which variety we get. Whichever it is, we'll expect very few grapes the first year after planting as the plant concentrates on establishing itself rather than fruiting.

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Read my blog entry on the Grape Tumid Gallmaker, an insect that creates unusual growths on the vine tendrils or grape stems.

Putting up Green Beans by Blanching and Freezing Them

"Green beans are one of most prolific vegetable plants in my garden, year after year. Once the plants start producing, they'll keep producing green beans all season long. The pole bean varieties will continue growing and actually increase their production over time as the plant continues to get bigger and bigger. With just six pole bean plants in my garden, I am picking them at least two days out of three and getting more than my wife and I can eat each time we pick." So what do we do? We blanch and freeze the excess and enjoy green beans all year round.

Read more about how to optimize production of green beans and blanch and freeze them here.

Exotic pets?

I like animals. I have two dogs, a cat and a yard full of chickens. I understand the appeal of keeping exotic animals as pets, whether its a giant snake or a money swinging from the rafters of your house. However, increasingly the animals used as exotic pets are becoming endangered or threatened in their own natural habitats because of illegal poaching fueled by the money involved in the buying and selling of exotic animals.

Read more about Parrot Poaching in Jamaica here.

Poaching can devastate entire ecosystems by removing or dramatically reducing the populations of key species from the food chain. Furthermore, it can actually have the opposite effect as people grow tired of caring for their exotic pets and release them into the wild in parts of the world where they are not native. These exotic pets, if the environment is suitable, can multiply and become a nuisance invasive species in thes areas.

One example of this is the growing population of wild Burmese pythons living in the Florida Everglades says National Geographic. These snaes are imported into the United States by the hundreds of thousands. Often, they grow too large for their owners to handle safely and are released or they may escape.

Burmese pythons are now sharing space at the top of the Everglades food chain with the alligator. In some cases, pythons are even killing alligators. These are very big, and very mean snakes. They also feed on birds and bird eggs putting many of the rare bird species in the everglades at risk from this newly introduced, but rapidly multiplying predator.

While it's easy to see the havoc that top predators can do when introduced to a new ecosystem, even seemingly harmless animals can have unintended consequences and be very harmful to local species when wrecklessly introduced.

If you want to see and learn about these exotic animals, visit a local zoo that aids in preserving rare species. During a recent trip to the York Zoo in Maine, I too some photos of the capybara. Click here to view photos that I took of the capybara, the world's largest rodent which is native to South and Central America. Upon retunring home, I was surprised to discover that even this animal is now being kept as pets in the United States.